The 12 Days of Christmas “Public Health Style”

I can’t take credit for the following new lyrics to the traditional carol “The 12 Days of Christmas.” They were created by Crystal Hoepner for the Blog called “Health Out Loud” that connects central Minnesota residents with the Douglas County Health Department.

Regardless, I thought they were a perfect addition to the seasonal music we hear at the malls, in the car, at the grocery store and everywhere else that plays the Christmas carols. This time of year is a time of celebration and fun. It is also a perfect season to tout the reminders of being healthy and safe throughout the season as well as into the new year. Let these rewritten lyrics be a creative way to remember and adopt healthy behaviors now and into 2012. The author notes that you can actually substitute these words for the traditional ones in the song. Give it a try…I’ll be listening!

1.      On the first day of Christmas Public Health suggested to meSeat belts clicking into place.

2.      On the second day of Christmas Public Health suggested to me

Don’t drink and drive, and seat belts clicking into place.

3.      On the third day of Christmas Public Health suggested to me

Manage stress, don’t drink and drive, and seat belts clicking into place.

4.      On the fourth day of Christmas Public Health suggested to meGet your vaccinations, manage stress, don’t drink and drive, and seat belts clicking into place.

5.      On the fifth day of Christmas Public Health suggested to mePractice fire safety, get your vaccinations, manage stress, don’t drink and drive, and seat belts clicking into place.

6.      On the sixth day of Christmas Public Health suggested to me

Wash hands often, practice fire safety, get your vaccinations, manage stress, don’t drink and drive, and seat belts clicking into place.

7.      On the seventh day of Christmas Public Health suggested to me

Floss your teeth daily, wash hands often, practice fire safety, get your vaccinations, manage stress, don’t drink and drive, and seat belts clicking into place.

8.      On the eighth day of Christmas Public Health suggested to me

Eight hours of sleep, floss your teeth daily, wash hands often, practice fire safety, get your vaccinations, manage stress, don’t drink and drive, and seat belts clicking into place.

9.      On the ninth day of Christmas Public Health suggested to me

Prepare for emergencies, eight hours of sleep, floss your teeth daily, wash hands often, practice fire safety, get your vaccinations, manage stress, don’t drink and drive, and seat belts clicking into place.

10.  On the tenth day of Christmas Public Health suggested to me

Be tobacco-free, prepare for emergencies, eight hours of sleep, floss your teeth daily, wash hands often, practice fire safety, get your vaccinations, manage stress, don’t drink and drive, and seat belts clicking into place.

11.  On the eleventh day of Christmas Public Health suggested to me

Annual exams and screenings, be tobacco-free, prepare for emergencies, eight hours of sleep, floss your teeth daily, wash hands often, practice fire safety, get your vaccinations, manage stress, don’t drink and drive, and seat belts clicking into place.

12.  On the twelfth day of Christmas Public Health suggested to meEat healthy and be active, annual exams and screenings, be tobacco-free, prepare for emergencies, eight hours of sleep, floss your teeth daily, wash hands often, practice fire safety, get your vaccinations, manage stress, don’t drink and drive, and seat belts clicking into place.

Have a Healthy and Safe Holiday Season!

Reference:

Hoepner, C. (2010). The 12 days of Christmas public health style. Retrieved December 5, 2011 from http://healthoutloud.areavoices.com/2010/12/08/the-12-days-of-christmas-public-health-style/.

Working with an obese child

While childhood obesity is a serious crisis across the nation, I was truly stunned by an action that removed an 8-year-old child from his home and into foster care simply because he was obese.

ABC News out of Cleveland, Ohio reported that this boy was removed from his mother after officials claimed she “did not do enough” to help him lose weight. According to the news report, the family had been working with the child, including enrolling him in healthy children’s programs, but the weight hadn’t come off. Instead of working with the family on interventions, the state opted to pull the child from the family.

While the state strongly believed it could do better in assisting the child with the weight problem, removing a child from his or her rightful parents can often create other problems such as emotional and mental distress. In the same ABC News report, another parent had come forward with news that her child had once been taken away because of obesity, but the state’s plan failed to help the child lose weight.  Not only did the child return to the family still in an obese state, he likely suffered emotional and mental problems thanks to the state’s removal process. In this case, the state’s action seemingly created more grief for the entire family.

Child removal is generally performed when there is suspected or known abuse of a child. The fourth amendment states that citizens have the right to be secure in their persons, houses … but upon probable cause, the persons or things could be seized. In the case of the Cleveland child, I don’t see that enough probable cause warranted removal. I just don’t understand why the state or local children’s health agencies couldn’t have stepped in with interventions and suggestions rather than pull the child from their rightful parents.

Research has shown that numerous interventions can be helpful for obese children and teens, but almost all of them involve family and community assistance while the child remains with their family. One of the key ingredients to understanding obesity is to educate the parents. Parents often struggle from obesity themselves which affects their ability to talk with their child in a non-judgmental way regarding losing weight. This is where agencies and health professionals could step in.

In Meadville, there are several resources available to help you and your family learn about healthy weight. These include the Meadville Family YMCA and various fitness centers with qualified trainers, the WIC Program, your personal care physician, your child’s pediatrician, Weight Watchers programs that include educational components, and independent dietitians such as Rust Nutrition. You can find these places listed in the phone book. In addition, the internet can provide a plethora of information on dealing with obesity in your family. Working with an obese child is an emotionally and physically taxing experience. You need to be prepared yourself in order to be successful.

Exercise Prescription on the Net is a resource set up mainly for exercise professionals, yet it provides a basic checklist to help you engage your children in healthy habits.

1.       Educate yourself on obesity, and consider working with professionals who may better connect with your child on the issue.

2.       Choose a private place to speak with your child about obesity and weight concerns.

3.       Never associate the child’s weight with acceptance or approval. You do not want your child thinking that you will love them more if they lose weight.

4.       Discuss feelings and body image, being sensitive that their weight may be creating low self-esteem. A professional may be your best solution in helping your child with this issue.

5.       Emphasize healthy habits rather than weight loss, such as increasing activities or eating more vegetables at dinnertime.

6.       Work with a healthcare provider or dietitian on meal plans and snacks. You should not approach this as a diet, but should consider it a lifelong habit in which the entire family participates.

7.       Monitor eating and activity and stock up on healthy foods. Consider removing poor nutritional choices such as sodas, chips and candy from the home.

8.       Eat meals together as a family. The child needs to see you consume healthy foods as a positive influence and role model.

9.       Do not reward positive behaviors with food; and likewise, do not punish with lack of food. Food is a nutrient, not a reward or punishment system. Children will associate food with good or bad behaviors and eventually treat them likewise, which will promote eating disorders. Use stickers, praise or other favorite activities for rewards and try withholding favorite activities such as internet use as punishments.

10.   Do not “make” your child exercise. You should adopt language like “Let’s play” or “Let’s go …” At least 60 minutes of daily play is recommended for children, and the best way to motivate is by doing it with them.

Interventions that promote healthy behaviors should start early, even if you or your child doesn’t seem to have any signs of being overweight.

References

Exercise Prescription on the Net. (2011). Childhood and teenage obesity. Intervention strategies. Retrieved November 30, 2011 from http://www.exrx.net/FatLoss/ChildObesityIntervention.html.

Newcomb, A. (2011). Obese third grader taken from mom, placed in foster care. Retrieved November 30, 2011 from http://news.yahoo.com/obese-third-grader-taken-mom-placed-foster-care-201731761.html.

The Rutherford Institute. (2001). Social services investigations: the removal of children from the home. Retrieved November 30, 2011 from http://familyrightsassociation.com/bin/white_papers-articles/investigations.html.

The Cold or The Flu?

For years, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention along with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services have been touting the difference between the cold and influenza, a.k.a. the flu. They are very different and thus should be treated differently.

The common cold is typically identified by sneezing, itchy throat and runny nose. According to the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), 62 million cases of the common cold occur annually throughout the United States. Symptoms usually last one to two weeks and is considered the leading cause of doctor visits and missed days from school and work in the United States.  NCHS also states that it is normal for children to have between two and six colds a year while adults will generally suffer with one to three colds annually.

Influenza is a contagious respiratory infection. Its symptoms are similar to the common cold but will often involve a fever or chills, muscle or body aches, headache, and general fatigue. Also like the common cold, the flu is not a bacterial infection; it is a viral infection. It is also important to remember that a cold never “turns into” the flu. A cold virus is a very different virus than influenza. They neither cross-breed nor turn into one or the other.

Despite all the claims from product manufacturers on television and in other advertisements, there is no cure for the common cold. Relief from symptoms can come by taking some sort of medication but it will not reduce the length of time you have a cold and it will never rid you of the cold itself. Antibiotics are not a cure for the common cold, which is a viral infection. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections. Over the past decades, people had been consuming antibiotics believing that they cured the cold or lessened its time of infection. This is far from the truth. The overuse of antibiotics only caused further complications in the human body. Over time, antibiotics can build up in a person’s system, making them ineffective against serious bacterial infections such as MRSA and similar harmful bacterial diseases.

Unlike the cold, influenza does have a bit of an edge in two ways. First, the best prevention against the illness is to obtain the vaccine. While September and October are the most beneficial times to receive the vaccination, it is not too late to be inoculated against the 2011-2012 influenza threat. Check with your doctor or the local health center for information on getting your flu shot now. In addition, the CDC has suggested using standard precautions to help prevent the spread of germs that cause the flu. This includes regular hand washing, use of hand sanitizers, covering your mouth when you cough or sneeze, and limit your contact with those who are ill.

If you end up with the flu, you have the option of either allowing the infection to run its course or have your doctor prescribe one of two drugs approved by the Federal Drug Administration. These drugs, which assist in treating the flu, are usually prescribed over the course of five days and should be started within the first two days of diagnosis. The approved drugs are Tamiflu (generic name oseltamivir) and Relenza (generic name zanamiyir).

In some cases, both the common cold and influenza can cause complications. Both viruses have been known to spark bacterial infections of the middle ear or sinus. Influenza can also trigger complications in the form of pneumonia and bronchitis. In these cases, antibiotics are appropriate and will likely be prescribed by your personal care physician. However, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) strongly warns people to “not use antibiotics ‘just in case’ because they will not prevent bacterial infections.

Both the CDC and NIAID have detailed information posted on their websites on the common cold and the flu. Visit either http://www.cdc.gov/ or www.niaid.nih.gov for more details. If you do not have access to the internet, talk with your doctor or the local health center at 814-332-6947.

References:

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Seasonal influenza (flu). Retrieved November 25, 2011 from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/index.htm.

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (2011). Common cold. Retrieved November 25, 2011 from http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/commonCold/Pages/default.aspx.

Rewarding and Penalizing Health Behaviors

A recent NPR poll revealed some interesting results about handling the rapidly growing costs of health care. The poll of 3,000 adults was conducted in September via telephone by NPR and Thomson Reuters Health and showed support for a rewards and penalty system for health behaviors.

For example, 59% of the respondents believed that smokers should pay more for healthcare while only 31% favored penalizing those who are overweight or obese. Regarding smoking behaviors, some employers agree with the poll.  When it released it poll results, NPR also reported that Wal-Mart, the nation’s largest private employer, will start charging between $260 and $2,340 more annually for health insurance for those who smoke. On the other hand, they will also offer free smoking cessation assistance to any of their employees. These policies take effect in January.

Regarding obesity, it may be of importance to mention that 69% (just over one-third of the poll group) did not favor a penalty. Interestingly, that number represents about the same percentage of Americans who are considered overweight or obese.  

There was resounding support for insurance breaks or rewards rather than penalties when it comes to health behaviors. NPR found that 85 of the people felt that a rewards system is better than a penalty system to improve health. For years, companies have been promoting health by offering financial incentives for healthy behaviors. According to a 2007 study by the National Business Group on Health and Watson Wyatt found that 355 large employers across the nation provide such incentives, revealing that the action has resulted in lower costs for sick leave, long-term disability, short-term disability, and general health coverage. It wasn’t until this year that companies are now stepping up to not only reward healthy behaviors but penalize poor healthy choices such as smoking.

My opinion of the poll results is rather mixed. If companies have been offering rewards for healthy behaviors for years, then why is our nation still suffering from an obesity epidemic that keeps growing?  Why do we have a significant number of smokers?  We need to question whether the rewards are enticing enough to promote positive behaviors or reverse poor health choices. It begs the question of whether we, as human beings, respond to positive reinforcement for health-related behaviors. According to Dr. Alex Lickerman from the University of Chicago, positive reinforcement is definitely the best approach if done correctly. According to Lickerman, rewards for positive health behaviors must be large enough and have strong perceived importance, and also should be presented immediately following the desired behaviors to promote long-term health.

If positive reinforcement is the best practice, I can’t help but wonder if the companies who are providing insurance breaks and other financial rewards are following Lickerman’s advice for implementing a reward system. I can’t help but think that they are not. Perhaps the incentive isn’t enough, perhaps it’s not perceived as an important reward, or perhaps it is not presented in a timely fashion. If all these factors were happening, wouldn’t we be seeing a reversal of obesity rates, or a reduction of smoking prevalence?

While I don’t know what the solution is, I believe that a combination of both would be the optimal action. I am fully supportive of penalizing poor health choices. We basically already do that with things such as the cigarette tax and alcohol tax. While these haven’t eliminated the problem, studies have shown that some penalties have certainly helped reduce tobacco and alcohol use. We have also penalized those with poor driving habits such as ticketing those for not wearing a seatbelt, or for speeding. Again, the problem is not gone, but motor vehicle deaths have dropped as a result of increased seatbelt use and speed limits.

Overall, I believe people should pay or are already paying the price for their health choices: both positive and negative. If you want to smoke, you should pay the price for that behavior. You will have long-term health effects (which are preventable) such as emphysema, lung cancer, or COPD that will cost the country’s health care system more money. If you subscribe to overeating unhealthy eating behaviors, the health care costs will also be exorbitant over your lifespan as you might suffer diabetes, heart disease, and various cancers that are preventable. Again, I support initiatives of increased insurance rates for such behaviors. If you subscribe to regular exercise to maintain your health, I again have no problem with the cost. Those people are already sinking money into their health care in the form of fitness center memberships, personal trainers, and exercise equipment among other costs.

While I was not among those questioned in the NPR poll, I would have been among those who supported penalties for health behaviors. I have no qualms with insurance companies or employers hiking their rates for people who subscribe to poor health choices. But, I also support positive reinforcement for positive behaviors. I am in favor of companies fully paying for smoking cessation efforts, drug/alcohol rehabilitation, and weight loss clinics. I am also in favor of companies offering discount or free memberships to fitness clubs to maintain their employees’ health. Many companies are already doing both, and I applaud their efforts.

I’m interested in what Tribune readers have to say about this? Are you in favor of financial penalties for poor health behaviors? Do you support positive reinforcement? Please let me know your opinion on my blog at www.crawfordcountyhealth.blogspot.com. It’s your choice if you wish to leave your name, but I’d love to hear your opinion.

References:

Hensley, S. (2011). Insurance penalties for smokers draws wide support. Retrieved November 8, 2011 from http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2011/11/03/141984867/insurance-penalties-for-smokers-draw-wide-support?ft=1&f=103537970.

Lickerman, A. (2011). Positive reinforcement can motivate preventive behaviors. Retrieved November 8, 2011 from http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2010/08/positive-reinforcement-motivate-preventive-behaviors.html.

Selko, A. (2008). Employers offering financial rewards for healthy behaviors. Retrieved November 8, 2011 from http://www.industryweek.com/articles/employers_offering_financial_rewards_for_healthy_behavior_15505.aspx.

Beware of Gummy Bears, Candy Corn and Peppermint Sticks

We all could heed a little warning from a recent news broadcast out of Detroit that enlightened parents about the candy their children bring home. The latest trend seems hiding alcohol inside candy of any type.

Be it Gummy Bears, Red Hots, chocolate, peppermint sticks, candy corn, and just about any other kind of candy available, youngsters – in an attempt to get a buzz – are soaking this innocent candy in vodka. The candy absorbs the liquid and becomes infused with the alcohol, creating a very potent treat for children as well as adults. Because vodka is nearly odorless and colorless, the candy appears normal, and often smells as it should right off the shelf – but it contains enough vodka to place a child into an alcoholic coma.

According to the Citizens Rally for Change on Alcohol (CRCA), the vodka-laced candy tastes normal, leading the eater to consume several handfuls of the sweet treat. Besides obtaining the obvious short sugar rush, the children will also experience an increase in their blood alcohol level at an extremely rapid pace, making overdose is quite possible. Furthermore, CRCA noted that children found with the candy in their possession could be issued a ticket for MIP, minor in possession. Of interest, this is no different than if a child were found drinking a cup of alcohol – you name it: rum, whiskey, beer, wine, etc.

The scary part is that parents may know their child is eating Gummy Bears or candy corn, but are completely oblivious to the possible presence of alcohol. And, apparently, that’s the point. The CRCA claims that parents should be suspicious of candy that has not come out of its original wrapper. While that Zip-lock bag of Swedish Fish looks safe, it may have been soaked in vodka. Smelling the candy may not always reveal any alcohol content, so parents are urged to taste it before allowing your child to have it. Better yet, it may be safer to simply throw it away if there is any suspicion of liquor.

Having recently gone through the traditional Halloween trick-or-treating ritual, your child may be loaded with all sweets of all sorts. Parents are encouraged to check the candy for any substances dangerous to your children. More importantly, it may be best to chat with your child about alcohol and its dangers. Unfortunately, experimenting with alcohol is common; however, it is not safe, especially for a growing child. It’s important to discuss alcohol use and abuse early to ward off deviant and illegal behaviors.

The CRCA suggests that parents educate themselves in order to protect their children from using or abusing alcohol. Here are four suggestions:

1.      Be a good role model. Consider how your use of alcohol may influence your children.

2.      Educate yourself about alcohol and current trends. Read and collect information that you can share with your child.

3.      Build your child’s self-esteem. Children are more likely to feel good about themselves when their parents emphasize and positively reinforce healthy behaviors.

4.      Teach healthy stress management skills. By showing your child healthy coping mechanisms for stress, they are less likely to engage in poor behaviors such as using drugs or alcohol.

References:

Click on Detroit. (2011). How teens smuggle booze under your nose. Retrieved October 26, 2011 from http://www.clickondetroit.com/video/29384556/index.html.

Citizens Rally for Change on Alcohol. (2011). Parents, do you know what is in the candy your child is eating? Retrieved October 26, 2011 from http://www.crcadanecountywi.com/candy_anyone.

Boost Your Immunity with Tai Chi

Preventing high blood pressure, arthritis, and osteoporosis has long been associated with participation in Tai Chi. Recent research has now revealed the traditional Chinese martial art that incorporates aerobic activity, relaxation, and meditation can boost immunity to shingles in older adults.

The results of a controlled trial published in The Journal of the American Geriatric Society found that those who had performed a minimum of 40 minutes of Tai Chi three times a week for 16 weeks had a significantly higher level of immunity to shingles than their non-Tai Chi counterparts. Furthermore, after these initial 16 weeks of the Tai Chi intervention, all participants were then given the shingles vaccination. While each person’s immunity level elevated after receiving the vaccine, those who had been performing Tai Chi had a significantly higher – and immediate – boost in their immunity level indicating that Tai Chi can ward off the disease.

How is this possible? Having watched a Tai Chi class in progress, I question how these slow-flowing movements could possibly add up to any type of immunity booster. Tai Chi is a noncompetitive, self-paced system of gentle physical exercise and stretching. Yet, research from the past several years – most of which has come out of the University of California/Los Angeles (UCLA) – has uncovered empirical evidence that baffles modern science and medicine. While studies of Tai Chi continue, researchers have theorized that the relaxation and meditation coupled with the exercise from Tai Chi enhances T-cell activity by calming the nervous system’s “fight or flight” response, which often interferes with normal functioning of the body’s immune system.

Since a theory is simply a theory and not necessarily fact, I decided to dig deeper into this medical miracle known as Tai Chi by talking with some regular participants. While invading a Tai Chi class mainly of seniors over age 65, I inquired about their personal experiences with the understood promise of improved health. One woman in her mid-70s indicated that she actually gained back an inch of her height that she lost through the aging process. Posture is an important factor in Tai Chi – the main reason behind regaining her vertical stature. Another woman, age 84, revealed she has acquired more physical stamina and mental energy because of her daily Tai Chi routine, an activity she has been doing for the past five years. The meditation and relaxation portion of the art form allows for less stress and more vivacity. Another lady mentioned that she hasn’t used her asthma inhaler since attending the class over the past two years. Tai Chi requires controlled breathing, which has apparently assisted this woman in managing her asthma. A man in the class revealed that he has seen a tremendous improvement in his balance. He no longer feels uncoordinated, and walking longer distances is no longer a Herculean task. The instructor herself has been performing Tai Chi for nearly 13 years and has not suffered a sick day since…not even a cold! That’s 4,745 days without a single sniffle or cough!

Research over the years has revealed that the relaxation element within Tai Chi clears the mind of stress and stressors that explains the higher energy levels, increased physical functioning, and improved mental capacity described by participants. The exercise segment offers improved balance and flexibility while increasing muscle usage as noted by most Tai Chi performers.

With the countless health benefits, Tai Chi should be part of everyone’s routine. So, why isn’t everyone doing it? The class members had a simple answer: “It’s not for everyone.” Mainly, participants are required to unwind and concentrate, which is difficult for many people – young and old – in today’s fast-paced society. Second, there is an element of exercise to Tai Chi. The word ‘exercise’ seemingly scares off scores of people who inadvertently associate it with the “no pain, no gain” concept. While Tai Chi does not subscribe to the “no pain, no gain” model, this particular martial art may be the perfect total body conditioner. Future research is expected to provide even more favorable evidence of health benefits.

In the meantime, for older adults, there is proof that it can reverse the illnesses associated with aging. It very well may be the best ticket to improved health.

Past research has shown the following benefits of Tai Chi:
1. Reduces anxiety and depression
2. Improves balance, flexibility and muscle strength
3. Reduces falls among older adults
4. Improves sleep quality
5. Lowers blood pressure
6. Improves cardiovascular fitness in older adults
7. Relieves chronic pain
8. Increases energy, endurance and agility
9. Improves overall feelings of well-being
10. Boosts immunity to viral infections such as the common cold and influenza
11. Treats Type II Diabetes
12. Treats heart disease
13. Treats asthma and improving breathing
14. Treats Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
15. Improves bone density
16. Improves motor skills
　References:
Chang, J. Y., Tsai, P.-F., Beck, C., Hagen, J. L., Huff, D. C., Anand, K. J. S., Roberson, P. K., Rosengren, K. S., & Beuscher, L. (2011). The effect of Tai Chi on cognition in elders with cognitive impairment. MedSurg Nursing, 20(2), 63-69.

Chyu, M.-C., James, C. R., Sawyer, S. F., Brismee, J.-M., Xu, K. T., Poklikuha, G., Dunn, D. M., Shen, C.-L. (2010). Effects of Tai Chi exercise on posturography, gait, physical function and quality of life in postmenopausal women with osteopaenia: A randomized clinical study. Clinical Rehabilitation, 24, 1080-1090.

Irwin, M. R., Olmstead, R., & Oxman, M. N. (2007). Augmenting immune responses to varicella zoster virus in older adults: A randomized, controlled trial of Tai Chi. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 55, 511-517.

Lee, M. S., Lee, E.-N., Kim, J.-I., Ernst, E. (2010). Tai Chi for lowering resting blood pressure in the elderly: a systematic review. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 16, 818-824.

Rogers, C., Larkey, L. K., Keller, C. (2009). A review of clinical trials of Tai Chi and Qigong in older adults. West Journal of Nursing Res., 31(2), 245-279.

Wang, L.-H., Lo, K.-C., Lin, C.-J., Su, F.-C. (2010). Multijoint coordination of lower extremity in Tai chi exercise. Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, 10(3), 479-493.
　
　

Parental Smoking Adversely Affects Children’s Education

A recent article in the journal Pediatrics found that second-hand in the home has an adverse effect on school attendance. While it’s common knowledge that second-hand smoke is dangerous to the health of those in the same breathing space, this smoke has many more negative effects on children than just poor health – it also effects their education.

The study, which involved a national group of participants, revealed that between one-quarter and one-third of the days missed from school were associated with smoking-related illnesses acquired from home. Illnesses that kept children home from school were largely respiratory tract infections and chest colds. Of interest, the researchers also looked at households that contained only one smoker in the residence and compared it to two or more smokers. As would be expected, the results showed that the more smokers in the house, the more days the child was absent from school.

While it is well documented that inhaling second-hand smoke can lead to a plethora of health issues, especially for children (i.e. including asthma, infections and colds), smoking can negatively affect a child’s learning skills. Children who miss school often miss critical lessons taught in their classroom as well as important assignments, both that can lead to a sense of pressure to catch up. Some children are often unable to catch up and therefore failing or settling for lower grade than they are actually capable of earning.

Aside from the educational disadvantages to the children living with parents or guardians who smoke, there are also significant economic losses associated with smoking in homes with school-age children. As noted in the study, 70% of the parents were employed and had to take days off from work to be with their sick child. If one parent stayed home every day a child stayed home from school, the study found that this represented lost work time of $176 million in 2005 dollars based on the average salaries and jobs reported by those involved with the study (average salary = $20,000).

In essence, smoking obviously has negative health effects but it is now connected with school absences and poor child educational experiences as well as economic losses.

While smoking is considered one of the hardest habits to quit, it is also one of the addictions with the most available help across the nation. Parents need to understand that although they may feel better and relaxed with their routine nicotine fix, they are adversely affecting their child’s health, education, and overall well-being. Saying ‘no’ to the cigarettes is the best way to improve the well-being of the entire family.

Here are some local and state resources to get help you quit smoking and protect your children:www.determinedtoquit.com


1. Talk with your primary care physician
2. Freedom From Smoking Program
Crawford County Drug & Alcohol Executive Commission, Inc.
Meadville, PA: 814-724-4100
3. The Pennsylvania State Health Center/Department of Health
Website: www.health.state.pa.us/quitnow
Meadville, PA: 814-332-6947
4. Meadville Medical Center
Meadville, PA: 814-333-5000
5. Freedom From Smoking Program
Titusville Area Hospital
Titusville, PA: 814-827-1851 ext. 358
6. QuitNet
Erie County Department of Health
Erie, PA: 814-451-6709
7. Smoke Free For Life
American Respiratory Alliance
Cranberry Township, PA: 724-772-1750
8. Smokeless Saturday
American Respiratory Alliance of Western Pennsylvania
Cranberry Township, PA: 724-772-1750
9. Determined to quit website:
10. Penn Lung Center: 800-789-PENN (7366) for counseling referral
　_____________________________________
A Few Key Facts About Secondhand Smoke and Children


Children who spend one hour in an extremely smoky room inhale enough toxic chemicals to equal smoking 10 cigarettes.Children in smoking households experience more middle ear infections. Inhaled cigarette smoke irritates the Eustachian tube, and the subsequent swelling leads to infections, which are the most common cause of hearing loss in children. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that between 200,000 and 1,000,000 kids with asthma have their condition worsened by secondhand smoke.It has been estimated that between 50 and 75 percent of children in the United States have detectable levels of cotanine in their bloodstream. (Cotanine is a substance that is created in the body when nicotine metabolizes.) Children face a higher risk than adults of negative effects of secondhand smoke because their breathing rate is faster. In other words, they take in more air (or smoke) per minute than an adultYoung children may have poor lung development when breathing in the toxins from cigarette smoke.

References:

Levy, D. E., Winickoff, J. P., Rigotti, N. A. (2011). School absenteeism among children living with smokers. Pediatrics, 128(4), 1067-1074. Retrieved September 8, 2011 from
 http://quitsmoking.about.com/od/secondhandsmoke/a/smokeandkids.htm.

Martin, T. (2010). Secondhand smoke and children. How secondhand smoke affects a child. Retrieved September 8, 2011 from
 http://webserver.health.state.pa.us/health/custom/tobaccocessation.asp?county=Crawford.

Pennsylvania Department of Health. (2011). Pre-approved tobacco cessation registry, Crawford County. Retrieved September 8, 2011 from

Support Groups Key to Living Beyond Cancer

Breast Cancer is one of the most common cancers among women, and is also one of the most curable types of cancer – especially if detected early. Aside from the physical elements associated with breast cancer, this type of cancer can also cause significant depression and stress.

A 2010 study in the Journal of North American Association of Christians in Social Work found that groups meeting at least once a month were able to work through various emotional elements of breast cancer treatment and survival by discussing stressors and coping strategies. Studies of breast cancer over the past two decades have shown the importance of support for surviving the process from diagnosis to treatment to remission.

According to the Susan G. Komen Foundation, social support can significantly improve the quality of life for people going through cancer as well as those surrounding the cancer victim. Research found that social support groups reduce anxiety and stress, lower the risk of emotional distress and depression, and decrease feelings of fatigue and pain. In addition, social support groups can improve mood, self-image, and ability to cope with stress. Furthermore, the group’s benefits go beyond the diagnosis and treatment phase by helping breast cancer survivors adjust during the remission phase of cancer.

On the local level, there are several breast cancer support groups that exist throughout Crawford County. Once such group, however, has been in existence for more than 20 years and has helped more than 200 women through breast cancer. The “Looking Ahead Breast Cancer Support Group” is a strong support network of women in the area who help each other through the stresses of breast cancer. One of the key leaders, Terry Hood, remarked that the group has a strong core membership of about 20 women, but so many more have been part of the group over the past two decades.

A key element that makes “Looking Ahead” such a strong support for women is that are no judgments made about any woman or her experiences. Each woman is encouraged to speak freely about her feelings and receives a plethora of support from all in the room. “There is no right or wrong way to feel,” Ms. Hood remarked. “We are there to help anyone with their questions, thoughts, fears, and anything else that is on their mind.”

“Looking Ahead” meets on the second Wednesday of every month at 7 p.m. on the second floor of St. Brigid’s Church, 967 Chancery Lane in Meadville. It is important to note that the group is not associated with this church or any other religious denomination. It is also not affiliated with any of the cancer treatment centers or healthcare facilities in the area. It is a separate entity operating solely for the purpose of supporting those with breast cancer – men and women alike.

For more information on the support group, contact 814-382-8904. There are several cancer support groups operating in the area and can be found by connecting with the Yolanda G. Barco Oncology Institute in Meadville at 814-373-2335.

References

Collins, W. L., & Antle, B. (2010). African American women living beyond breast cancer in a Kentucky support group. Journal of the North American Association of Christians in Social Work, 37(1), 65-77.

Susan G. Komen for the Cure. (2011). Benefits of social support. Retrieved August 31, 2011 from http://ww5.komen.org/Content.aspx?id=5904.

Playing "Chicken" is Plain Stupid

Drivers playing “chicken” with a runner, walker, or bicyclist who actually WIN this deadly game are likely to head to prison for homicide by motor vehicle.  Despite this potential outcome, it’s amazing the number of people who are more than eager to play the game anyway.

As a runner and bicyclist, I am shocked by the number of drivers who – laughing the whole time – intentionally veer into my path in an attempt to get me to dive into the nearest ditch. Interestingly enough, I have had drivers purposefully swerve onto a gravel berm or into a designated bicycle lane just to see my reaction! While I personally may be quick enough jump out of the way, many others may not be as agile. But, that’s despite the point. Furthermore, it’s not just the suspected new and young drivers who play the game; plenty of veteran vehicle operators seem to enjoy a rousing round of chicken with any unsuspecting pedestrian that may be in their path. My last rendezvous with a chicken-playing car was driven by a female senior citizen laughing with her passenger-side girlfriend as I vaulted head first into the bushes nearby.

Regardless of your age, think about this whole game concept: you’re driving a one-ton or heavier vehicle into the path of a 130-pound person (more or less, depending on the pedestrian). It seems like a silly question, but which one do you think would win that battle? That’s a no-brainer. Chicken is a stupid, dangerous, and reckless game. Plain and simple: it’s murder or, at the very least, attempted murder. Whenever I can, I always make an effort to capture the license plate number of the car with my camera phone or memory when I witness such behavior. Unlike some, I will take the time to pursue the issue in court. And, I encourage other pedestrians, runners, and cyclists to do the same and follow-through with at least a reckless endangerment charge against the driver.

According to federal law, killing someone intentionally with your vehicle (including via the game “chicken”) is considered manslaughter. Manslaughter is a Class C Felony, which the law reads: “holds people liable for any death which occurs because of criminal negligence, or a violation of traffic safety laws.”

To refresh (or enlighten) you about the law, here is the entire statute from Pennsylvania’s State Laws:

Homicide by vehicle - 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 3732

Offense. – Any person who recklessly or with gross negligence causes the death of another person while engaged in the violation of any law of this Commonwealth or municipal ordinance applying to the operation or use of a vehicle or to the regulation of traffic except section 3802 (relating to driving under influence of alcohol or controlled substance) is guilty of homicide by vehicle, a felony of the third degree, when the violation is the cause of death.

According to the maximum sentence in Pennsylvania, the violator could face up to five years in jail plus pay any losses in connection with the family of the deceased. In other states, jail sentences could be upwards of 40 years, as was the case with one person in Wisconsin. In essence, playing “chicken” could cost you more than you bargain for.  In addition, anyone playing “chicken” where death does not occur could still be charged with reckless endangerment, a 2^nd degree misdemeanor, which is subject to up to two years in prison plus payment of personal losses and psychological distress suffered by the victim.

I don’t care how “fun” or “cool” it may appear, “chicken” is deadly and stupid. There is never a reason to intentionally steer your car into the path of a runner or cyclist – or any other pedestrian. If you do, you may bear the consequences of reckless endangerment or face criminal charges of homicide by motor vehicle.

A motor vehicle is not a toy, it is not a video game … it is a mode of transportation and needs to be treated as such. There are certain responsibilities that come with obtaining that driver’s license. One of those responsibilities involves eliminating the risk to your life and the lives of others. Public health professionals have long been pushing for people to take driving seriously for their own protection – but more importantly, for the safety of those around you: mothers with babies, toddlers, children, senior citizens, or any other human being.

Keep the community safe. Drive with some common sense or don’t drive at all.

References

Pennsylvania Law and Research. (2011). Pennsylvania Criminal Law. Retrieved August 22, 2011 from http://www.pa-laws.com/pa-laws_website_008.htm.

Pennsylvania State Law. (2011). Retrieved August 22, 2011 from http://law.onecle.com/pennsylvania/vehicles/00.037.032.000.html.

Wikipedia. (2011). Manslaughter. Retrieved August 22, 2011 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manslaughter.